Marine Engineering Knowledge (General)

(a) Describe the procedure to be adopted for the inspection of a safety valve fitted to an exhaust gas fired auxiliary boiler stating, with reasons, which parts should receive particularly close attention

(b) Describe the procedure for the setting of safety valves of exhaust gas operated auxiliary boilers

(c) Explain the action a Watch keeping engineer should take of safety valve as in (b)

With reference to the carriage and pumping of liquefied gas cargo:

(a) Sketch a suitable pumping system labeling the component parts

(b) State:

(i) Why submerged hydraulically driven pumps are not used

(ii) How overheating of pump drive shaft bearings is avoided;

(c) State now the risk of fire and explosion in cargo tanks is obviated both in the loaded and discharged condition.

With reference to electro-hydraulic steering gears:

(a) Explain in terms of control parlance the function of the "Hunting gear"

(b) Explain the consequences if the standby pumping unit is motored;

(c) State TWO methods employed to prevent the standby hydraulic pump being motored by the opearting unit

(a) Explain the necessity of intercoolers on a multi-stage compressor. What attention is required to keep them safe and in good working order? Sketch and describe an intercooler suitable for a 2400 kPa compressor and state the materials used.

(b) What attention is needed before opening up for inspection? What faults are likely to develop in an air compressor and how are they remedied.

Explain how the ingress of seawater is prevented in an oil-lubricated stern bearing system. Should the system fail, describe the corrective action possible whilst the vessel is afloat. State why two stern-bearing oil header tanks are fitted in some instances.

With reference to mult-tubular heat exchangers explain:

(a) How and where impingement attack is likely to occur in the tubes

(b) Why is it desirable that coolant flow rate should not exceed that required to maintain correct fluid temperature

(c) Ample well-shaped water boxes and smooth tube inlets are desirable

(d) Partial obstruction of tube is a common cause of tube failure

With respect to refrigeration gases used on beard vessels, answer the following:

(a) Explain Ozone depleting Potential of conventional refrigerant gases

(b) Name the alternate refrigerant gases available and being used onboard

(c) Explain the steps you will take to ensure that release of refrigerant gases from the plant it minimised during normal operation and during maintenance activities

Compare and contrast the destructive testing done on engineering materials with non-destructive testing done on engineering components. Briefly describe one destructive test and two non-destructive fests to illustrate the answer

With regards to care of lubricating oils onboard, answer the following:

(a) Microbial degradation of lubricating oil and measures to prevent the same

(b) Methods of ensuring correct sampling is done for the purpose of shore-based testing

(c) If the shore-based testing results show abnormal values of water content and TBN for the crankcase lube oil of a slow speed main engine, what will be interpretation and subsequent action.

Describe with a sketch a pneumatic relay and show how feedback can be achieved when such a relay is used in conjunction with a flapper mechanism.

Sketch and describe a "fail safe steering gear" suitable for use on a tanker of more than 100,000 T dwt. Explain the sequence of events that take place when an oil leak takes place in one of the hydraulic pipe lines.

With respect to Windlass and Deck Machinery:

(a) Describe the principle of a coil-operated brake suitable for winches and other deck machinery.

(b) Explain with suitable sketches how the windlass is relieved of strain when riding at anchor.

A rudder of a vessel requires extensive welding repairs and as Second Engineer you are requested to supervise the repairs:

(a) Suggest a suitable type of welding process.

(b) State, with reasons, FOUR common welding defects.

(c) State what tests may be carried out before returning the rudder to service.

With reference to controllable pitch propellers state:

(a) Why is it preferable that the main servomotor be housed in the propeller hub rather than in the shafting forward of the propeller shaft?

(b) What regular maintenance and checks should be carried out to ensure maximum reliability of the gen at all times?

With respect to tankers describe

(a) How pump room and cargo tanks are ventilated

(b) The main problem of carrying liquefied natural gas

(c) How the boil off from liquefied natural gas is handled.

With reference to Boiler water tests carried out onboard:

(a) Discuss the possible reasons for the following changes in boiler water test results, and state what actions should be taken in each case:

(i) Reduction in total dissolved solids and chemical reserves.

(ii) Reduction in phosphate reserve, with increase in chlorides and total dissolved solids.

(iii) Reduction in alkalinity reserve only.

(iv) Increase in oxygen levels only.

(b) State why the complete results of boiler water tests are logged or entered into a data retrieval system rather than a note being made of any particular result which may be outside set limits.

With respect to refrigeration gases used on board vessels, answer the following:

(a) Explain Ozone depleting Potential (ODP) and Global warming Potential (GWP) of conventional refrigerant gases.

(b) Name the alternate refrigerant gases available and being used onboard.

(c) Explain the steps you will take to ensure that release of refrigerant gases from the plant is minimized during normal operation and during maintenance activities.

How the ingress of sea water is prevented in an oil lubricated stern bearing system. Should the system fail, describe the corrective action possible whilst the vessel is afloat. State the reasons for fitting two stern bearing oil header tanks in some cases?

With respect to Windlass and Deck Machinery:

(a) Describe the principle of a coil-operated brake suitable for winches and other deck machinery.

(b) Explain with suitable sketches how the windlass is relieved of strain when riding at anchor.

With reference to controllable pitch propellers state:

(a) Why is it preferable that the main servomotor be housed in the propeller hub rather than in the shafting forward of the propeller shaft?

(b) What regular maintenance and checks should be carried out to ensure maximum reliability of the gear at all times?

With reference to Boiler water tests carried out onboard:

(a) Discuss the possible reasons for the following changes in boiler water test results, and state what actions should be taken in each case:

(i) Reduction in total dissolved solids and chemical reserves.

(ii) Reduction in phosphate reserve, with increase in chlorides and total dissolved solids.

(iii) Reduction in alkalinity reserve only.

(iv) Increase in oxygen levels only.

(b) State why the complete results of boiler water tests are logged or entered into a data retrieval system rather than a note being made of any particular result which may be outside set limits.

With respect to tankers describe

(a) How pump room and cargo tanks are ventilated

(b) The main problem of carrying liquefied natural gas

(c) How the boil off from liquefied natural gas is handled.

How the ingress of sea water is prevented in an oil-lubricated stern bearing system. Should the system fail, describe the corrective action possible whilst the vessel is afloat. State the reasons for fitting two stern bearing oil header tanks in some cases?

With respect to refrigeration gases used on board vessels, answer the following:

(a) Explain Ozone depleting Potential (ODP) and Global warming Potential (GWP) of conventional refrigerant gases

(b) Name the alternate refrigerant gases available and being used onboard.

(c) Explain the steps you will take to ensure that release of refrigerant gases from the plant is minimized during normal operation and during maintenance activities.

You have been appointed as Second Engineer on a crude carrier, recently purchased by your shipping company. The company superintendent requests that you examine the vessel with a view to increasing its deadweight capacity without altering the ship's length. Outline the suggestions that you would make, justifying your proposals.

Describe the in-water survey with respect to classification society requirements of the external underwater structure of a very large crude oil carrier

With reference to main boiler super heater arrangements:

(a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design.

(b) Describe how the element tube banks are supported yet allow for expansion

(c) Describe how boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness and condition.

As a second engineer onboard a tanker, describe the procedure for presenting an auxiliary engine for survey by a classification society.

Sketch and describe the operation of a four-ram electro-hydraulic steering gear system. Indicate and explain the valve positions for the operation of the system when one pump is isolated and the unit is operating on Iwo rams only.

Discuss the importance and methods employed in maintaining the quality of lubricating oils in main and auxiliary diesel engines. As a second engineer. what strategy you would employ to ensure that the main engine crankcase oil quality is ensured.

You were asked to join a ship as a second engineer. During briefing, you were informed about frequent boiler uptake tires happening onboard. Prepare a plan for to reduce boiler uptake fires. How will you monitor the progress of your plan

and what instructions you will issue to the watch-keepers?

Damage has occurred to the main engine valves and the fuel supplied at a particular port is suspected. The owner's case, however, in the subsequent dispute may be weak because the fuel was ordered specifying only type and viscosity.

(a) Apart from fuel specification, describe how you, as Second Engineer, should have assisted the owner's case when receiving the suspect fuel.

(b) Describe the ISO fuel standard that is to be used when ordering fuel.

(c) Explain how the correct fuel standard is selected.

(d) Suggest With reasons, why particular mention should be made of certain elements that might not be included in the fuel standard

Sketch and describe a system for oil monitoring of bilge and tanker ballast discharges. What inputs are recorded? Explain the difficulties encountered with the efficient operation of the oil monitoring system.

Sketch a sealing arrangement for an oil lubricated stern tube. Identify the common forms of seal failure. State how oil loss due to seal failure can be restricted whilst on passage? What is the material used for sealing rings and propeller shaft liner?

Explain creep, Brinelling, Fretting and Fretting corrosion. State with reasons where these may occur in a ship propulsion system.

State with reasons, how cracking in EACH of the following locations is caused, rectified and avoided:

(a) 'A' Frames

(b) Bed plate longitudinal girders

(c) Bed plate transverse girders

Sketch and describe a boiler water level controller of the float operated type. State the reasons for having this mechanism on the boiler and using the controller and boiler for analogy explain the following terms:

(a) Detecting element

(b) Servo motor

(c) Desired value

Discuss the causes of corrosion and the means by which corrosion of the following may be limited by manufacturers and ship's personnel respectively:

(a) Internal and external surfaces of auxiliary steam lines.

(b) External surfaces of auxiliary boilers.

(c) Water boxes of seawater coolers and condensers.

(d) Main sea water inlet pipes.

(a) Explain the action of EACH of the following metallurgical mechanisms:

(i) Creep:

(ii) Brinelling

(iii) Fretting

(iv) Fretting corrosion

(b) State with reasons, where EACH of the four mechanisms in (a) above may occur in a ship's propulsion system.

(a) Describe with the aid of sketches where necessary a vane type stering gear, showing how the weight of the rudder and stock are carried and the arrangement that allow for wear down

(b) State how the vanes described in (a) are secured and the method of sealing the edges.

fe State how, if necessary the steering gear is locked for rudder maintenance

With reference to fatigue of engineering components:

(a) Explain the influence of stress level and cyclical frequency on expected operating life

(b) Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of an engineering components

(c) State the factors which influence the possibility of fatigue cracking of a bed-plate transverse girder and explain how the risk of such cracking can be minimised

(a) State the advantage of using steam turbine propulsion power for vessels carrying LNG cargo

(b) With regards to the use of LNG cargo as boiler fuel, explain:

(i) The safety precautions relating to the gas pipeline supplying the boiler and burning the gas in the boiler

(ii) The means of getting rid of excessive gases during loading or discharging

With reference to reciprocating air compressors, explain why

(a) Clearance volume is critical to efficiency

(b) Spring-loaded plate valves are invariably used

(c) Compression is accomplished in apparently unequal stages

(d) Inter-cooling is used between stages

A new vessel exhibits severe aft end vibrations.

(a) As a Second Engineer Officer, outline a procedure to investigate and identify the source of vibration

(b) Suggest possible remedies to obviate/reduce aft end vibration.

(a) Sketch a section through a keyless sleeeved propeller.

(b) (i) State the advantages of using a keyless sleeved propeller.

(ii) State with reasons, which metal sleeve should be made for contact with the forged mild steel tail shaft.

(c) State the material used to bond the sleeve to the propeller and the general thickness of the bonding material

Sketch and describe a boiler water level controller of the float operated type. State the reasons for having this mechanism on the boiler and using the controller and boiler for analogy explain the following terms.

(a) Detecting element

(b) Servo motor

(c) Desired value

Discuss the causes of corrosion and the means by which corrosion of the following may be limited by manufacturers and ship's personnel respectively:

(a) Internal and external surfaces of auxiliary steam lines.

(b) External surfaces of auxiliary boilers.

(c) Water boxes of seawater coolers and condensers.

(d) Main sea water inlet pipes.

(a) Explain the action of EACH of the following metallurgical mechanisms:

(i) Creep

(ii) Brinelling

(iii) Fretting

(iv) Fretting corrosion

(b) State, with reasons, where EACH of the mechanisms in (a) may occur in a ship propulsion system.

A rudder of a vessel requires extensive welding repairs and as Second Engineer you are requested to supervise.

(a) Suggest a suitable type of welding process

(b) State, with reasons, FOUR common welding defects.

(c) State what tests may be carried out before returning the rudder to service.

With regards to main transmission shaft flange coupling arrangements.

(a) Sketch a hollow type coupling bolt and the hydraulic head/nut and loading rod which are used to fit it

(b) Describe how the bolt is fitted

(c) State the advantage of the hollow coupling bolt as compared to the traditional type of coupling bolt

Describe with a sketch a pneumatic relay and show how feed back can be achieved when such a relay is used in conjunction with a flapper mechanism.

(a) Explain why centrifugal pumps cannot handle air or vapors to effect priming yet turbo-blowers operating on the same principle can.

(b) If a vessel is fully laden, how may it be ascertained that the fire pump priming arrangements would operate satisfactorily in the ballast condition.

(c) Explain a method of priming suitable for a centrifugal pump.

(a) Describe a transverse bow thrust unit using a controllable pitch propeller. Mention should be made of how it is supported and how the strength of thrust and reverse thrust are achieved.

(b) State, with reasons, a suitable prime mover for the controllable pitch propeller.

(c) State whether the thrust unit delivers a relatively low pressure head with high volume output or high pressure head with low volume output.

Reverse osmosis is the modern alternative for shipboard production of drinking water.

(a) Describe using simple diagrams if necessary, the principle of reverse osmosis.

(b) (i) Sketch a line diagram showing a single pass system for producing fresh water from sea water.

(ii) Describe such a system.

(a) Explain Creep, Brinelling, Fretting and Fretting corrosion.

(b) Where and why does Creep, Brinelling, Fretting, and Fretting corrosion occur in a Ship propulsion system?

Sketch and describe a boiler water level controller of the float operrated type. State the reasons for having this mechanism on the boiler and using the controller and boiler for analogy explain the following terns:

(a) Detecting element

(b) Servo motor

(c) Desired value

With regard to care of lubricating oils onboard. answer the following:

(a) What is microbial degradation of lubricating oil and how is it prevented?

(b) What methods are employed to ensure correct sampling for shore-based testing? What action will you take if the testing results show abnormal values of water content and TBN for the crank-case lub oil of a slow speed main engine?

With regards to main transmission shaft flange coupling arrangements:

(a) Sketch a hollow type coupling bolt and the hydraulic head/nut and loading rod which are used to fit it

(b) Describe how the bolt is fitted.

(c) State the advantage of the hollow coupling bolt as compared to the traditional type of coupling bolt.

With respect to refrigeration gases used on board vesseis, answer the following:

(a) Explain Ozone depleting potential of conventional refrigerant gases.

(b) Name the alternate refrigerant gases available and being used on-hoard.

(c) What steps are taken to minimize the release of refrigerant gases from the plant during normal operation and maintenance activities?

Sketch and describe a "fail-safe steering gear" suitable for use on a tanker of more than 100,000 T dwt. Explain the sequence of events that take place when an oil leak takes place in one of the hydraulic pipe lines

Describe with a sketch a pneumatic relay and show how feedback can be achieved when such a relay is used in conjunction with a flapper mechanism.

Reverse osmosis is the modem alternative for shipboard production of drinking water.

(a) Describe using simple diagrams if necessary, the principle of reverse osmosis.

(b) (i) Sketch a line diagram showing a single pass system for producing fresh water from sea water.

(i) Describe such a system.

(a) Describe a transverse bow thrust unit using a controllable pitch propeller. Mention should be made of how it is supported and how the strength of thrust and reverse thrust are achieved.

(b) State with reasons. a suitable prime mover for the controllable pitch propeller.

(c) State whether the thrust unit delivers a relatively low-pressure head with high-volume output or high-pressure head with low-volume output.

You have been appointed as Second Engineer in a 20-year-old vessel such is in dry dock and recently been purchased by your shipping company. Describe, in detail about your inspection, to ensure that the equipments on board ship related to safety equipment survey are satisfactorily complied with.

Sketch a high-lift safety valve lid and seat detailing their special features. Describe how such a valve is overhauled and any clearances that should be measured and noted.

With regards to Boiler water level Control, explain the following.

(a) Shrink and Swell phenomenon

(b) Cascade Control

(c) Split Control

(d) Condensing chamber - function and location.

With regards to steering control system, explain following with the aid of suitable diagram.

(a) Safematic concept.

(b) The flow reversal of main hydraulic pump and advantages

(c) The flow volume variation of hydraulic pump and method to achieve

(d) Hunting lever functioning.

With reference to fatigue of engineering components explain the influence of stress level and cyclical frequency on expected operating life.

(a) Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of an engineering component.

(b) State the factors which influence the possibility of fatigue cracking of a bed-plate transverse girder and explain how the risk of such cracking can be minimized.

With respect to tankers describe:

(a) How a pump room is ventilated.

(b) How cargo tanks are ventilated.

(c) Cargo tank protection as per SOLAS 1974.

(d) Additional alarms provided for inert gas systems of the 'inert gas generator' type.

Describe the possible faults which may be found during a dry-dock inspection of the following

(a) Stern frame

(b) Sea chest

(c) Bilge keel

(d) Anodes

(e) Rudders

With reference to oil water separators:

(a) Describes with the aid of a sketch, the working of such a separator.

(b) Explain the consequence if the interface detector position is incorrect.

(c) Enumerate the various possibilities by which oil water interface can be described.

(a) State the advantages of using steam turbine propulsion power for vessels carrying L.N.G. cargo.

(b) With regard to the use of L.N.G. cargo as boiler fuel explain:

(i) The safety precautions relating to the gas pipeline supplying the boiler and burning the gas in the boiler:

(ii) The means of getting rid of excess gases during loading or discharge.

A rudder of a vessel requires extensive welding repairs and as Second Engineer you are requested to supervise the repairs:

(a) Suggest a suitable type of welding process.

(b) State, with reasons, FOUR common welding defects.

(c) State what tests may be carried out before returning the rudder to service.

With respect to Windlass and Deck Machinery:

(a) Describe the principle of a coil-operated brake suitable for winches and other deck machinery.

(b) Explain with suitable sketches how the windlass is relieved of strain when riding at anchor.

Compare and contrast the destructive testing done on engineering materials with non-destructive testing done on engineering components. Briefly describe one destructive test and two non-destructive tests to illustrate the answer.

With reference to Boiler water Tests carried out onboard:

(a) Discuss the possible reasons for the following changes in boiler water test results, and state what actions should be taken in each case:

(i) Reduction in total dissolved solids and chemical reserves.

(ii) Reduction in phosphate reserve, with increase in chlorides and total dissolved solids.

(iii) Reduction in alkalinity reserve only.

(iv) Increase in oxygen levels only.

(b) State why the complete results of boiler water tests are logged or entered into a data retrieval system rather than a note being made of any particular result which may be outside set limits.

With respect to tankers describe

(a) How pump room and cargo tanks are ventilated

(b) The main problem of carrying liquefied natural gas

(c) How the boil off from liquefied natural gas is handled.

With reference to controllable pitch propellers state:

(a) Why is it preferable that the main servomotor be housed in the propeller hub rather than in the shafting forward of the propeller shaft?

(b) What regular maintenance and checks should be carried out to ensure maximum reliability of the gear at all times?

With respect to refrigeration gases used on board vessels, answer the following:

(a) Explain Ozone depleting Potential(ODP) and Global warming Potential (GWP) of conventional refrigerant gases.

(b) Name the alternate refrigerant gases available and being used onboard.

(c) Explain the steps you will take to ensure that release of refrigerant gases from the plant is minimized during normal operation and during maintenance activities.

Reverse osmosis is the modern alternative for shipboard production of drinking water.

(a) Describe using simple diagrams if necessary, the principle of reverse osmosis.

(b) (i) Sketch a line diagram showing a single pass system for producing fresh water from sea water.

(i) Describe such a system.

How the ingress of sea water is prevented in an oil lubricated stern bearing system. Should the system fail, describe the corrective action possible whilst the vessel is afloat. State the reasons for fitting two stern bearing oil header tanks in some cases?

Sketch and describe a "fail safe steering gear" suitable for use on a tanker of more than 100,000 T dwt. Explain the sequence of events that take place when an oil leak takes place in one of the hydraulic pipe lines.

With reference to Vacuum Sewage Systems:

(i) Sketch & Describe a Vacuum sewage system.

(ii) State the advantage of Vacuum sewage system.

(iii) State the different causes of dropping vacuum.

You were asked to join a ship as a second engineer. During briefing, you were informed about frequent exhaust gas economiser uptake fires happening onboard. Prepare a plan to reduce exhaust gas economiser uptake fires. How will you monitor the progress of your plan and what instructions you will issue to the watch-keepers?

Reverse osmosis is the modern alternative for shipboard production of drinking water:

(a) Describe using simple diagrams if necessary, the principle of reverse osmosis.

(b) Sketch and describe a single pass system for producing fresh water from sea water

Describe with a sketch a pneumatic relay and show how feedback can be achieved when such a relay is used in conjunction with a flapper mechanism.

Explain Creep, Brinelling, Fretting, and Fretting corrosion. State with reasons, where these may occur in a ship propulsion system.

Explain in detail the advantages and disadvantages of controllable pitch propellers. With suitable single-line diagrams, explain the "Combinator Control" for CPP.

With reference to the operation of two stage reciprocating air compressors explain the following terms:

(a) Advantages of Multistage compression.

(b) Significance of bumping clearance and adjustment thereof.

(c) Reasons for reduction of compressor capacity.

(d) Reasons and Effects of Second stage suction valve leakage.

Sketch a sealing arrangement for an oil lubricated stern tube. Identify the common forms of seal failure. State how oil loss due to seal failure can be restricted whilst on passage? What is the material used for sealing rings and propeller shaft liner?

You were asked to join a ship as a second engineer. During briefing you were informed about frequent boiler uptake fires happening onboard. Prepare a plan for to reduce boiler uptake fires. How will you monitor the progress of your plan and what instructions you will issue to the watch-keepers?

Sketch and describe a boiler water level controller of the float operated type. State the reasons for having this mechanism on the boiler and using the controller and boiler for analogy explain the following terms.

(a) Detecting element

(b) Servo motor

(c) Desired value

Discuss the causes of corrosion and the means by which corrosion of the following may be limited by manufacturers and ship's personnel respectively:

(a) Internal and external surfaces of auxiliary steam lines.

(b) External surfaces of auxiliary boilers.

(c) Water boxes of seawater coolers and condensers.

(d) Main sea water inlet pipes.

With respect to the properties of fuel oil, explain the significance of the following terms

(a) Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index (CCAI).

(b) Open flash point and Closed flash point

(c) The Importance of Sodium to Vanadium ratio

(d) Octane Number.

Hyper mist system in your ship often gets activated on top of Incinerator unit. Write a letter to company, to introduce an additional layer of activation for system, so that false alarm activation is stopped.

Describe the importance of maintaining the quality of lube oil in maintaining the proper health of marine diesel engines highlighting the role of

(a) Automatic back flushing filters

(b) Lube Oil separators

(c) Magnetic Filters

(d) Visual Inspection

(e) Periodic Laboratory tests.

With reference to Keyless Propellers:

(a) Sketch a section through a keyless sleeved propeller.

(b) State the advantages of using a keyless sleeved propeller.

(c) State with reasons, which metal sleeve, should be made for contact with the forged mild steel tail shaft.

(d) State the material uses to bond the sleeve to the propeller and the general thickness of the bonding material.

With reference to Vacuum Sewage Systems:

(i) Sketch & Describe a Vacuum sewage system.

(ii) State the advantage of Vacuum sewage system.

(iii) State the different causes of dropping vacuum.

(a) Detail the desirable properties of a Refrigerant.

(b) Make a table and compare following refrigerants for use in a provision cooling plant for a 50000 DWT Oil tanker: R-22, R-134a.

Sketch and describe the refrigeration system of a container carrying bananas only. How does the controlled atmosphere of the container extend the green life and shelf life of bananas? How is the airflow system designed?

You have been appointed as the Second Engineer of an eight years old vessel, recently purchased by your shipping company. Write a report to the engineering superintendent covering the inspection of main propulsion machinery carried out by you to ensure its trouble-free operation.

Describe with the aid of sketches where necessary a vane type steering gear showing how the weight of the rudder and stock are carried and the arrangement that allow for wear down.

Cast iron is most widely used metal after steel in Marine Engineering. Most cast irons consist of graphite in steel like matrix. Discuss the variation of properties that may arise with reference to pearlitic grey cast iron and spherical grey cast iron. Describe briefly the treatment necessary to produce these two types of Iron.

Reverse osmosis is the modern alternative for shipboard production of drinking water.

(a) Describe using simple diagrams if necessary, the principle of reverse osmosis.

(b) Sketch a line diagram showing a single pass system for producing fresh water from seawater and describe the system.

With reference to Gear pumps used for lubricating oil transfer

(a) Sketch and describe a gear type pump indicating the flow of fluid

(b) State the materials that gear type pump components may be manufactured from

(c) Specify THREE applications that are suitable for the employment of gear type pumps

With Reference to Air conditioning System onboard your vessel

(a) Sketch and describe a high pressure cut out in a refrigeration system.

(b) The refrigeration compressor has stopped due to operation of the h.p. cutout, explain

(i) The possible causes.

(ii) How these causes would be found and possible remedies

(c) What steps are taken if the compressor "short-cycle" on low pressure cut-out?

With reference to Flue gas Inert gas system

(a) Sketch a line diagram showing a typical Inert Gas System used for inerting the cargo tanks of oil tankers, labeling the component parts.

(b) Describe the system.

(c) State what oxygen content you would expect in the flue gases if good combustion is achieved

With reference to auxiliary boiler safety valves

(a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch. the safety valves for an auxiliary boiler.

(b) Identity, with reasons, the parts that require particularly close attention during overhaul

(c) Describe how the safety valves are reset after an overhaul

With respect to the properties of fuel oil, explain the significance of the following terms

(a) Calculated Carbon Aromaticity index (CCAI).

(b) Open flash point and Closed flash point

(c) The Importance of Sodium to Vanadium ratio

(d) Octane Number.

Describe the importance of maintaining the quality of lube oil in maintaining the proper health of marine diesel engines highlighting the role of

(a) Automatic back flushing filters

(b) Lube Oil separators

(c) Magnetic Filters

(d) Visual Inspection

(e) Periodic Laboratory tests.

With Respect to Container ship:

(a) Sketch and describe a ship's indirect refrigeration system arranged for cooling containers showed in stacks in the hold.

(b) State the advantages of the system described in (a) compared with containers with their own refrigeration self-contained units.

With reference to Vacuum Sewage Systems:

(a) Sketch & Describe a Vacuum sewage system.

(b) State the advantage of Vacuum sewage system.

(c) State the different causes of dropping vacuum.

Reverse osmosis is the modern alternative for shipboard production of drinking water.

(a) Describe using simple diagrams if necessary, the principle of reverse osmosis.

(b) Sketch a line diagram showing a single pass system for producing fresh water from seawater and describe the system.

Discuss the means by which corrosion of the following may be limited by manufacturers and ship's personnel respectively:

(a) Internal and external surfaces of auxiliary steam lines.

(b) External surfaces of auxiliary boilers.

(c) Water boxes of sea water coolers and condensers.

(d) Main sea water inlet lines.

With reference to Flue gas Inert gas system:

(a) Sketch a line diagram showing a typical Inert Gas System used for inerting the cargo tanks of oil tankers; Describe the system after labeling the important component parts.

(b) State what oxygen content you would expect in the flue gases if good combustion is achieved.

With Reference to Gear pumps used for lubricating oil transfer:

(a) Sketch and describe a gear type pump indicating the flow of fluid.

(b) State the materials that gear type pump components may be manufactured from.

(c) Specify THREE applications that are suitable for the employment of geat type pumps.

With reference to auxiliary boiler safety valves:

(a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the safety valves for an auxiliary boiler.

(b) Identify, with reasons, the parts that require particularly close attention during overhaul

(c) Describe how the safety valves are reset after an overhaul.

With reference to fatigue of engineering components:

(a) Explain the influence of stress level and cyclical frequency expected operating life

(b) Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of an engineering component.

(c) State the factors which influence the possibility of fatigue cracking of an auxiliary boiler feed water pump shaft and explain how the risk of such cracking can be minimized

You were asked to join a ship as a second engineer. During briefing you were informed about frequent boiler uptake fires happening onboard. Prepare a plan for to reduce boiler uptake fires. How will you monitor the progress of your plan and what instructions you will issue to the watch-keepers?

Describe the importance of maintaining the quality of lube oil in maintaining the proper health of marine diesel engines highlighting the role of

(a) Automatic back flushing filters

(b) Lube Oil separators

(c) Magnetic Filters

(d) Visual Inspection

(e) Periodic Laboratory tests.

With respect to the properties of fuel oil, explain the significance of the following terms

(a) Calculated Carbon Aromaticity index (CCAI).

(b) Open flash point and Closed flash point

(c) The Importance of Sodium to Vanadium ratio

(d) Octane Number

With reference to Boiler water Tests carried out onboard:

(a) Discuss the possible reasons for the following changes in boiler water test results, and state what actions should be taken in each case:

(i) Reduction in total dissolved solids and chemical reserves.

(ii) Reduction in phosphate reserve, with increase in chlorides and total dissolved solids.

(iii) Reduction in alkalinity reserve only.

(iv) Increase in oxygen levels only

(b) State why the complete results of boiler water tests are logged entered into a data retrieval system rather than a note being made of any particular result which may be outside set limits.

With respect to refrigeration gases used on board vessels, answer the following:

(a) Explain Ozone depleting Potential (ODP) and Global warming

Potential (GWP) of conventional refrigerant gases.

(b) Name the alternate refrigerant gases available and being used onboard.

(c) Explain the steps you will take to ensure that release of refrigerant gases from the plant is minimized during normal operation and during maintenance activities.

Sketch a sealing arrangement for an oil lubricated stern tube. Identify the common forms of seal failure. State how oil loss due to seal failure can be restricted whilst on passage? What is the material used for sealing rings and propeller shaft liner?

With reference to Flue gas Inert gas system:

(a) Sketch a line diagram showing a typical Inert Gas System used for inerting the cargo tanks of oil tankers, labeling the component parts.

(b) Describe the system.

(c) State what oxygen content you would expect in the flue gases if good combustion is achieved.

Sketch and describe the refrigeration system of a container carrying bananas only. How does the controlled atmosphere of the container extend the green life and shelf life of bananas? How is the airflow system designed?

You were asked to join a ship as a second engineer. During briefing you were informed about frequent boiler uptake fires happening onboard. Prepare a plan for to reduce boiler uptake fires. How will you monitor the progress of your plan and what instructions you will issue to the watch-keepers?

Explain Creep, Brinelling, Fretting, and Fretting corrosion. State with reasons, where these may occur in a ship propulsion system.

Describe the importance of maintaining the quality of lube oil in maintaining the proper health of marine diesel engines highlighting the role of

(a) Automatic back flushing filters

(b) Lube Oil separators

(c) Magnetic Filters

(d) Visual Inspection

(e) Periodic Laboratory tests.

Sketch and describe a "fail-safe steering gear" suitable for use on a tanker of more than 100,000 T dwt. Explain the sequence of events that take place when an oil leak takes place in one of the hydraulic pipe lines

With respect to the properties of fuel oil, explain the significance of the following terms

(a) Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index (CCAI).

(b) Open flash point and Closed flash point

(c) The Importance of Sodium to Vanadium ratio

(d) Octane Number.

With respect to refrigeration gases used on board vessels, answer the following:

(a) Explain Ozone depleting Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP) of conventional refrigerant gases.

(b) Name the alternate refrigerant gases available and being used onboard.

(c) Explain the steps you will take to ensure that release of refrigerant gases from the plant is minimized during normal operation and during maintenance activities.

With reference to Boiler water Tests carried out onboard:

(a) Discuss the possible reasons for the following changes in boiler water test results, and state what actions should be taken in each case:

(i) Reduction in total dissolved solids and chemical reserves.

(ii) Reduction in phosphate reserve, with increase in chlorides and total dissolved solids.

(iii) Reduction in alkalinity reserve only

(iv) Increase in oxygen levels only

(b) State why the complete results of boiler water tests are logged or entered into a data retrieval system rather than a note being made of any particular result which may be outside set limits.

As a second engineer onboard a tanker, describe the procedure for presenting a Main Boiler for survey by a classification society.

Sketch a sealing arrangement for an oil lubricated stern tube. Identify the common forms of seal failure. State how oil loss due to seal failure can be restricted whilst on passage? What is the material used for sealing rings and propeller shaft liner?

Discuss the causes of corrosion and the means by which corrosion of the following may be limited by manufacturers and ship's personnel respectively:

(a) Internal and external surfaces of auxiliary steam lines.

(b) External surfaces of auxiliary boilers.

(c) Water boxes of seawater coolers and condensers.

(d) Main sea water inlet pipes.

You were asked to join a ship as a second engineer. During briefing you were informed about frequent boiler uptake fires happening onboard. Prepare a plan for to reduce boiler uptake fires. How will you monitor the progress of your plan and what instructions you will issue to the watch-keepers?

Sketch and describe a system for oil monitoring of bilge and tanker ballast discharges. What inputs are recorded? Explain the difficulties encountered with the efficient operation of the oil monitoring system.

Hyper mist system in your ship often gets activated on top of Incinerator unit. Write a letter to company, to introduce an additional layer of activation for system, so that false alarm activation is stopped.

Describe the importance of maintaining the quality of lube oll in maintaining the proper health of marine diesel engines highlighting the role of

(a) Automatic back flushing filters

(b) Lube Oil separators

(c) Magnetic Filters

(d) Visual Inspection

(e) Periodic Laboratory tests.

With respect to the properties of fuel oil, explain the significance of the following terms

(a) Calculated Carbon Aromaticity index (CCAI).

(b) Open flash point and Closed flash point

(c) The Importance of Sodium to Vanadium ratio

(d) Octane Number.

With reference to Vacuum Sewage Systems:

(i) Sketch & Describe a Vacuum sewage system.

(ii) State the advantage of Vacuum sewage system.

(iii) State the different causes of dropping vacuum.

With Respect to Container ship:

(i) Sketch a ship's indirect refrigeration system arranged for cooling containers showed in stacks in the hold.

(ii) Describe the refrigeration system sketched in (a).

(iii) State the advantages of the system described in (a) compared with containers with their own refrigeration self-contained units.

With reference to Keyless Propellers:

(a) Sketch a section through a keyless sleeved propeller.

(b) State the advantages of using a keyless sleeved propeller.

(c) State with reasons, which metal sleeve, should be made for contact with the forged mild steel tail shaft.

(d) State the material uses to bond the sleeve to the propeller and the general thickness of the bonding material.

You have been appointed as the Second Engineer of an eight years old vessel, recently purchased by your shipping company. Write a report to the engineering superintendent covering the inspection of main propulsion machinery carried out by you to ensure its trouble free operation.

With respect to Energy efficient running of ships:

(a) Sketch and Explain the optimization of propeller hull interface flow devices and improvement of propulsion efficiency.

(b) Sketch and Explain the optimization of Auxiliary machinery using VFDs.

Sketch and describe the refrigeration system of a container carrying bananas only. How does the controlled atmosphere of the container extend the green life and shelf life of bananas? How is the airflow system designed?

With Reference to Gear pumps used for lubricating oil transfer:

(a) Sketch and describe a gear type pump indicating the flow of fluid.

(b) State the materials that gear type pump components may be manufactured from.

(c) Specify THREE applications that are suitable for the employment of gea type pumps.

Cast iron is most widely used metal after steel in Marine Engineering. Most cast irons consist of graphite in steel like matrix. Discuss the variation of properties that may arise with reference to pearlitic grey cast iron and spherical grey cast iron. Describe briefly the treatment necessary to produce these two types of Iron.

Reverse osmosis is the modern alternative for shipboard production of drinking water:

(a) Describe using simple diagrams if necessary, the principle of reverse osmosis.

(b) Sketch and describe a single pass system for producing fresh water from sea water

With Respect to Exhaust Gas fired auxiliary boilers:

(a) Describe the procedure to be adopted for the inspection of a safety valve fitted to an exhaust gas fired auxiliary boiler stating, with reasons, Which parts should receive particularly close attention.

(b) Describe the procedure for the setting of safety valves of exhaust gas fired auxiliary boilers.

(c) Explain the action taken after the setting of safety valves as in (b).

With Reference to Air- conditioning System onboard your vessel:

(a) Sketch and describe a high pressure cut-out in a refrigeration system.

(b) The refrigeration compressor has stopped due to operation of the h.p. cut-out. Explain

(i) The possible causes.

(ii) How these causes would be found and possible remedies.

(c) What steps are taken if the compressor "short-cycle" on low pressure cut-out?

With reference to Inert gas generator fitted on Gas carriers:

(a) Sketch a line diagram showing a typical 'Inert Gas generator' used for inerting in gas carriers, labeling the component parts.

(b) Describe the system.

(c) State the function of a chiller used in this type of inert gas generator.

Cast iron is most widely used metal after steel in Marine Engineering. Most cast irons consist of graphite in steel like matrix. Discuss the variation of properties that may arise with reference to pearlitic grey cast iron and spherical grey cast iron. Describe briefly the treatment necessary to produce these two types of Iron.