What condition is mandatory before starting Crude Oil Washing (COW)?
Direct Answer
Option D: Cargo tank must be inerted with O2 < 8%
Under MARPOL and ISGOTT guidelines, cargo tanks must be fully inerted with oxygen concentrations strictly maintained below 8% by volume prior to commencing Crude Oil Washing to prevent flammable atmospheres.
All Options
Detailed Explanation & Context
Under MARPOL and ISGOTT guidelines, cargo tanks must be fully inerted with oxygen concentrations strictly maintained below 8% by volume prior to commencing Crude Oil Washing to prevent flammable atmospheres.
Relevant Framework: STCW 2010 Manila Amendments • DG Shipping E-Learning & Exit Exam Standards • Oil and Chemical Tanker Cargo Operations (OCTCO/OCTF).
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