The use of sinking and dispersing chemical agents for removal of surface oil is
Direct Answer
Option D: authorized only with prior approval
The use of sinking agents is generally prohibited due to environmental harm. Dispersing chemical agents for oil spills are authorized only with prior approval from the relevant national authority, as outlined in MARPOL Annex I and national pollution response plans, to ensure controlled and effective application.
All Options
Detailed Explanation & Context
The use of sinking agents is generally prohibited due to environmental harm. Dispersing chemical agents for oil spills are authorized only with prior approval from the relevant national authority, as outlined in MARPOL Annex I and national pollution response plans, to ensure controlled and effective application.
Relevant Framework: STCW 2010 Manila Amendments • DG Shipping E-Learning & Exit Exam Standards • Advanced Training for Chemical Tanker Cargo Operations (CHEMCO).
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