Which of the following deballasting operations performed in conjunction with loading cargo could be accomplished without the use of a ballast pump?

Correct Answer: Option A — Draining a salt water ballast tank located above the waterline.

Gravity draining is effective when the ballast tank is located above the waterline. By opening the overboard discharge valve and the tank's suction valve, the weight of the water allows it to drain naturally due to gravity. This method is efficient and avoids unnecessary operation of the ballast pump.