When making a Scharnow turn, the __________.

Correct Answer: Option D — rudder is put hard over and the initial turn is maintained until about 240° from the original course

Initiating a Scharnow turn requires putting the rudder hard over and maintaining the initial turn until the vessel's heading changes by approximately 240 degrees from the original course, before shifting the rudder to complete the reversal onto a reciprocal trackline.