When lowering lifeboats as the vessel is pitching in heavy seas, a good practice is to rig frapping lines __________.

Correct Answer: Option C — fore and aft with a lead of about 45° to the boat

Rigging frapping lines fore and aft with approximately a 45-degree lead provides optimal horizontal restraint against excessive swinging and pitching when lowering lifeboats in heavy weather, ensuring safe clearance from the ship's hull.