What standing rigging supports the mast in the fore-and-aft and athwartships directions?

Correct Answer: Option C — Shrouds and stays

Standing rigging consists of fixed lines that support the mast in both directions. Shrouds provide lateral (athwartships) support, while stays (such as forestays and backstays) provide longitudinal (fore-and-aft) support against dynamic wind loads on the sails.