What equipment is programmed to initiate transmission of Distress alerts and calls to individual stations?

Correct Answer: Option C — DSC controller

The DSC controller is the core interface for GMDSS distress alerting. It is programmed with the vessel's Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) and allows the operator to initiate automated distress, urgency, and safety alerts to specific stations or all stations, ensuring rapid and accurate communication of emergency information.