If both the 'high level' and 'low level' alarms come on for the same address of a centralized control console, what is the most likely failure?

Correct Answer: Option B — sensor failure

Simultaneous high and low level alarms on a single address indicate a common hardware fault, typically a signal loop short or power supply degradation within the sensor transducer. Under IEEE 45 guidance, contradictory inputs from a single point signify instrumentation failure rather than concurrent physical extremes.