Determine the great circle distance and initial course from LAT 38°42.0'N, LONG 09°10.5'W to LAT 32°05.0'N, LONG 81°05.0'W.

Correct Answer: Option A — 3449.4 miles, 287.2°T

Using the spherical law of cosines for distance and the sine rule for the initial course, the great circle distance is 3449.4 nautical miles. The initial course from the departure point toward the destination is 287.2°T, following the shortest arc on the Earth's surface as defined by Bowditch.