As Chief Engineer you should understand the fundamental principles of ship construction and theory and factors affecting trim and stability, including the concept of loll and its cause. An angle of loll is commonly caused by which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer: Option A — A negative GM.

An angle of loll occurs when a vessel with a negative initial metacentric height (GM) heels until the center of buoyancy shifts to a position vertically aligned with the center of gravity. This creates a new, stable equilibrium point, distinct from a list, which is caused by off-center weights.