A vessel sailing through the specific special areas may discharge or dispose of _________.

Correct Answer: Option B — victual waste when at least 12 nautical miles from shore

Special Areas under MARPOL Annex V have stricter discharge requirements than general waters. Within these zones, the discharge of most garbage is prohibited. However, victual waste may be discharged if the vessel is en route and at least 12 nautical miles from the nearest land, subject to specific conditions.