A 480/120 VAC step down control transformer as configured in figure "E" of the illustration produces 89 VAC across its secondary winding (across X1 and X2) with 480 VAC applied to the primary winding (across H1 and H2). What condition is indicated? Illustration EL-0123

Correct Answer: Option A — A few shorted turns in the secondary winding

A lower-than-rated secondary voltage (89 VAC instead of 120 VAC) under nominal input indicates fewer effective turns in the secondary winding due to an internal short-circuit. This reduces the transformer turns ratio, lowering total induced secondary electromagnetic force.